VIDEO

Horst Rittel and Melvin Webber introduced the concept of “wicked problems” in their 1973 paper titled “Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning.” and the book (“Thinking Design”) published in 2013.  Wicked problems are complex, ill-defined issues that involve multiple stakeholders with conflicting values and incomplete information. In the context of the general theory of planning, Rittel and Webber highlighted several dilemmas (described as following properties as contrasting differences between wicked and non-wicked or tamed problems): 1: No Definitive Formulation of a Wicked Problem: Wicked problems lack a definitive and objective formulation. Unlike well-defined problems, where solutions can be objectively evaluated based on predefined criteria, wicked problems don’t have a clear and ultimate test for determining the success of a solution. Wicked problems, unlike tame problems, cannot be exhaustively formulated in advance. In the case of wicked problems, as exemplified by the need for a management information system or a new product in a company, each step of the solution generates unique and unforeseen questions. The information required to address these questions cannot be fully anticipated beforehand, making it challenging to provide exhaustive information at the problem’s formulation stage. Wicked problems lack a definitive formulation, challenging traditional systems approaches that prioritize understanding the problem before solving it.  2: No Objective End Criteria (No Stopping Rule, No Clear End to the Problem-Solving Process): There is no agreed-upon set of criteria to evaluate solutions for wicked problems. Different stakeholders may have different values, priorities, and perspectives, leading to subjective judgments about the effectiveness of potential solutions. This property of wicked problems is the absence of a “stopping rule.” Unlike well-defined problems such as chess puzzles or mathematical equations, where a clear solution marks the end, wicked problems lack a definitive endpoint. In chess, solving a combination of moves or finding the value of x in an equation signals problem resolution. However, with wicked problems, there is always room for improvement, and the nature of the problem itself does not provide a conclusive stopping point. While practical constraints like time, money, or patience may halt planning efforts, the inherent logic of wicked problems allows for continual attempts at improvement, making them distinct from problems with clear-cut solutions. 3: Solutions Are Not True or False (But Good or Bad): In the context of wicked problems, solutions cannot be objectively categorized as true or false. Instead, they are better or worse, more or less appropriate, depending on the values and perspectives of the stakeholders involved. This property of wicked problems is that, unlike tame problems where solutions can be deemed “correct” or “wrong” based on objective criteria, wicked problems defy such categorization. Instead of being labeled as right or wrong, solutions to wicked problems are evaluated as “good” or “bad,” subject to varying perspectives and preferences. What is considered good for one person may not be so for another. Unlike tame problems, there is no universal set of criteria or rules to determine the correctness of solutions to wicked problems. The notions of true or false do not apply in the context of wicked problems, emphasizing their inherently subjective and context-dependent nature. 4: No Immediate, Next or Ultimate Test of Solution: Wicked problems often involve ethical considerations and value judgments. Different stakeholders may have conflicting ethical principles, making it challenging to find universally acceptable solutions. This property highlights that, unlike solving a chess problem where results can be immediately and definitively checked, wicked problems lack both immediate and final review opportunities. The consequences of actions taken to address wicked problems unfold over time, and there is no set time limit for their potential impact. The absence of a final review is due to the ongoing and unpredictable nature of consequences, which may extend into the future. This characteristic emphasizes the continuous and dynamic nature of wicked problems, where further consequences, some potentially catastrophic, can emerge, making a final evaluation challenging. 5: Every Solution Is a “One-Shot Operation” (No Opportunity to Learn By Trial and Error): Implementing solutions to wicked problems is often a one-time, irreversible process. Given the complex and interconnected nature of these problems, it is challenging to predict the full consequences of a solution in advance. This property emphasizes the distinction between wicked problems and tame problems. While chess problems or equations can be repeatedly played or solved, wicked problems do not offer the luxury of repeated solutions. Solving a wicked problem is a “one-shot operation,” and once an attempt is made, it cannot be undone. Unlike the iterative and prototypical solutions found in tame problems, wicked problems don’t allow for trial and error or experimentation. Each attempt to address a wicked problem is significant, and there is no opportunity to build, observe, dismantle, and rebuild, as seen in traditional problem-solving approaches. 6: Non-Enumerable Permissible Set of Operations or Decision Choices : This property distinguishes wicked problems from tame problems by highlighting the nature of allowed operations. Tame problems, such as chess puzzles or chemical analyses, have well-defined and exhaustive lists of permitted operations. In chess, for instance, players have a limited set of moves to choose from. Similarly, in chemical analysis, specific procedures and tools are predefined. In contrast, wicked problems lack a comprehensive and enumerable list of allowed operations. There are no strict limitations on the actions or interventions one can take. Solutions to wicked problems can involve a wide range of possibilities, driven by principles and creative imagination. The open-ended nature of wicked problems contrasts with the more structured and constrained operations permitted in tame problems. 7: Every Problem is Essentially Unique (Problem Original Enough To Span a New Type or Class of Problems): This property underscores that every wicked problem is fundamentally unique (not similar to the existing or known earlier), presenting a challenge as one cannot rely on past experiences to learn for future instances. Transferring successful strategies from the past is not straightforward, as seemingly similar problems may have distinguishing characteristics that render old solutions ineffective. Hastily deciding on the type of solution and assuming the reuse of old solutions in new contexts is not advisable when dealing

India is undergoing transformative changes with the adoption of radical innovations that replace traditional processes with digital solutions. Aadhaar for identity verification, UPI for mobile payments, FASTag for toll payments, and DigiLocker for digital documentation storage are key components of India’s unique and extensive digital infrastructure ecosystem, unparalleled by any other country.  Next, in continuation of this series of Digital India initiatives, is Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) which was established on December 30, 2021. It is set to drive significant transformations in the realm of digital commerce. Within a span of 18 months, ONDC has successfully established itself in significant sectors including grocery, online food delivery, home décor, and mobility. It has conducted pilot projects in major cities such as Delhi, Bengaluru, Meerut, Bhopal, and Coimbatore. In short, it has the potential to revolutionize the digital marketplace and create an inclusive environment. Let us explore the underlying technical framework of ONDC and its benefits.  ONDC aims to establish a network and data policy framework in collaboration with the network participants to formulate the rules and a code of conduct covering various digital commerce related activities. These two policies would be regularly updated to align with the evolving network and made machine-readable and enforceable, thus enhancing automation, compliance, and transparency. It will address key areas such as implementation, registration, subscription, transaction, payment, data transmission, and communication.  The data policy of ONDC will adhere to the Information Technology Act 2000 and make efforts to comply with the forthcoming Personal Data Protection Bill. For instance, both users’ Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and important trade data of sellers will be safeguarded from unauthorized access, ensuring privacy and security. ONDC will safeguard the integrity and trust of data at every transaction. Its commitment to data security and credibility will be the cornerstone of digital commerce’s flourishing journey. Initially, ONDC would not be charging a network fee but may implement a tiered transaction processing fee of up to 3% in the future. Network participants should carefully assess their options when entering this space and focus on short-term use cases to participate and consider a long-term transformation agenda to drive innovation and achieve strategic goals. The technology components of ONDC encompass various network elements like registry, gateway, buyer, and seller applications, as well as adapter interfaces. These building blocks form the foundation for creating a robust and interconnected network infrastructure. Adaptor Interfaces: Central to ONDC’s technical framework are the Adaptor Interfaces. These open APIs, developed based on the Beckn protocol, facilitate seamless information exchange for executing transactions. Beckn APIs, a set of open network protocols developed by Beckon Foundation. These protocols facilitate communication over HTTP and support various transactions or use cases within ONDC, including search, payment selection, returns, refunds, and ratings. Beckon Foundation is actively creating an interoperable open protocol specification that can be freely used by all. With standardized and interoperable interfaces, ONDC enables smooth interaction and integration among diverse network participants.  Gateway: The Gateway application plays a pivotal role in the ONDC ecosystem. Its primary purpose is to enhance the discoverability of sellers by efficiently broadcasting buyer search requests to all seller applications. By considering location, availability, and customer preferences, the Gateway delivers personalized search results, optimizing the buyer’s experience. Gateway must ensure that all the sellers within the network are easily discoverable by broadcasting search requests from buyers to all sellers. ONDC will initially provide such a Gateway through its technology partners to initiate operations, but it is expected that multiple gateway providers will emerge, offering independent services as the network grows. Open Registries: ONDC would maintain Open Registries as dedicated applications for maintaining participant lists and network policies. Open registries ensure effective governance and maintenance of the network. Open Registries serve as trustworthy references, boosting the credibility of the ONDC ecosystem. Buyer and Seller Side Applications: The buyer-side application can be your normal phone app as well as voice assistants, chat-bots, etc., whereas the seller-side application can be any application that receives buyer’s requests and, in response, publishes the seller’s catalogue of goods and services and fulfils the buyer’s orders. Initially, to facilitate seamless transactions, ONDC would provide these dedicated Buyer and Seller Side Applications to interface with each other, allowing buyers to explore the products or services, smooth and enriched customer, or digital experience. Benefits of the ONDC Technical Framework: The technical framework of ONDC brings numerous benefits to the digital commerce landscape: Interoperability and Scale: ONDC promotes seamless integration among the network participants i.e., applications and platforms, eliminating barriers and fostering interoperability, by adopting standardized interfaces and open APIs. Network participants in this open network collaborate independent of a specific platform, allowing users to access the network through various buyer or seller applications for digital commerce. It could serve as a network of networks, unleashing countless possibilities and driving exponential growth in digital commerce. It has the potential to become a highly inclusive network, connecting millions of self-employed workers and significantly increasing the presence of MSMEs.  Enhanced Discoverability: ONDC simplifies complex systems by breaking them down into granular activities or microservices. For instance, different entities can handle seller-side, logistics, payments, and buyer-side activities in an e-commerce transaction. The Gateway application optimizes the discoverability of sellers, presenting buyers with a wide range of options and personalized search results.  Data, Transparency and Trust: ONDC would ensure a trust-based environment and seamless experience across the customer journey, including search and discovery, order placement and fulfilment, payments, and reconciliation, and returns and customer grievances. Open Registries and adherence to network policies would promote transparency, trust, and integrity within the ONDC digital commerce ecosystem. Both the buyers and sellers involved in a transaction would have access to and control over the data involved, always ensuring transparency and accountability at both the ends of the process. Once the supply chain goes digital, there would be increased transparency in pricing for all stakeholders, including shippers, fleet owners, and operators in both rural and urban areas of India.  While ONDC can improve price transparency, buyers

The EU’s Single Digital Market initiative aims to create a seamless digital marketplace across member states. It focuses on removing barriers to cross-border e-commerce, harmonizing regulations, and facilitating a level playing field for businesses. China has implemented a national e-commerce platform that provides access to various e-commerce services and infrastructure for businesses and consumers. It aims to streamline operations, enhance transparency, and promote growth in the e-commerce sector. Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), under the Government of India, has established the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), a non-profit private entity as a Section 8 company, with a similar aim to foster a transparent and inclusive e-commerce ecosystem in India. The ONDC aims to establish an open and interoperable framework for digital commerce in India. It envisions providing equal opportunities to all stakeholders, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), startups, and local vendors, to compete with larger e-commerce platforms. This initiative holds great potential to transform the e-commerce business landscape not only in India but also serves as an inspiration for similar initiatives in other countries. Let us explore the significance of ONDC and its impact on the digital economy. India has achieved the status of being the most rapidly expanding economy globally. According to the ‘India e-Conomy Report,’ digital services have become indispensable for more than 700 million internet users in India, with 350 million utilizing digital payments and 220 million participating in online shopping. B2C and B2B e-commerce transactions have thrived, with B2C GMV projected to reach $380 billion and eB2B GMV to reach $120 billion by 2030. Around 120 million Kiranas (hyperlocal neighborhood provision stores), which comprise 80% of India’s retail sector, are digitally excluded. India has an estimated 42.5 million MSMEs lagging in adoption of digital strategies. The open network concept extends beyond retail and can revolutionize B2C and B2B transactions in domains like wholesale, mobility, food delivery, logistics, travel, and urban services, transforming the exchange of goods and services. ONDC establishes a robust governance framework to monitor and regulate digital commerce activities. This framework ensures compliance with legal and ethical standards, protects consumer interests, and fosters trust in the digital commerce ecosystem. The Open Network transcends the existing platform-centric model, which requires both the buyer and seller to be part of the same platform/application for transactions. This concept of “store of value” to implement isolated platform driven e-commerce ecosystem, is now going to be parallelly influenced by the unrestricted and extremely scalable “flow of value” concept. It would efficiently grow the market by promoting open and seamless integration standards or set of specifications among various e-commerce stakeholders (i.e., buyers and sellers). ONDC will bring together fragmented platforms (network participants) and promote wider participation, particularly among small and medium enterprises, including hyperlocal merchants (Kiranas), from various regions across the country. ONDC is not a super aggregator or a hosting platform. It serves as a network that connects location-aware, local digital commerce stores across industries through network-enabled apps. Within ONDC, a network participant has the flexibility to assume the roles of both a buyer and a seller, providing increased choices for buyers, sellers, and other participants. For instance, a marketplace that includes retailers can act as a seller in the retail domain and as a buyer in the logistics domain for digital retail transactions. Existing digital commerce platforms can choose to join ONDC voluntarily, while the onboarding of sellers and buyers and order management remains the responsibility of network-enabled apps.  ONDC would ensure that the data generated or exchanged during digital transactions is securely accessible to all the stakeholders. By allowing access to anonymized transaction data, the initiative enables better insights, market analysis, and strategic decision-making for businesses and policymakers. ONDC will implement a transparent and inclusive policy framework to promote sustainable practices on the network. It will collaborate with network participants to develop rules and codes of conduct for activities performed within the network. These policies will cover various areas such as implementation, registration, transactions, payments, and data transmission. It aims to make these policies machine-readable and enforceable for improved compliance and transparency. Additionally, it will act as a facilitator for dispute resolution, following fair and transparent practices based on guidelines from NITI Aayog and RBI for the financial sector. The technology components of ONDC encompass various network elements like registry, gateway, buyer, and seller applications, as well as adapter interfaces. Adaptor interfaces are open APIs based on the Beckn protocol, enabling information exchange for transactions using standardized ONDC certified interfaces. The gateway ensures the discoverability of sellers based on location, availability, and customer preferences. Open registries maintain participant lists and network policies. Buyer and seller side applications facilitate end-users and service providers to transact on the ONDC network. Detailed documentation on these components is available at www.ondc.org. The success of ONDC, being a decentralized network, relies on the active participation and adoption of various network participants, including merchants and buyers, on both sides of the network. It must invest in expanding this adoption of ecosystem through market-led initiatives i.e., onboarding both large and small marketplaces and technology service providers. It will also need to conduct a robust Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) campaign to encourage businesses across value chains to join ONDC. Conclusion: The Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) is a game-changer in the Indian e-commerce landscape, promoting fair competition, transparency, and innovation. It serves as a shining example of how a government can drive positive changes in the digital commerce ecosystem. As these national level initiatives evolve and become collaborative with each other, they would expand into borderless global digital commerce ecosystem and ultimately empower businesses and consumers worldwide.

Digital India (DI) is a government initiative in India that aims to improve online infrastructure and internet connectivity to empower digital citizens with government services. It focuses on advancing technology, connecting rural areas with high-speed internet, and promoting digital literacy. Digital India is intricately connected to key government initiatives like BharatNet, Make in India, Startup India, and Standup India. There are many    facets of Digital India and the impact it has had on the nation is already substantial. Key Facets of Digital India The development of robust digital infrastructure is crucial for the success of Digital India. The initiative emphasizes the expansion of mobile networks, high-speed internet connectivity, and data centers. This infrastructure development has not only facilitated digital services but has also attracted investments from global technology companies, contributing to the growth of the digital economy.  The government aims to provide broadband connectivity in rural and remote areas to ascertain access to the internet infrastructure. Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL), an entity under the Government of India, is responsible for implementing the BharatNet project, which also serves as the guardian of the Digital India initiative.  Digital connectivity is the backbone of an economy to spur growth of internet led businesses. With a population of 1.3 billion, India has witnessed extensive utilization of Aadhaar digital biometric identity cards and smartphones, resulting in substantial growth and monetization of digital connectivity through B2B and B2C e-commerce transactions. Mainly fueled by higher adoption in smaller urban areas, the Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) of B2C e-commerce currently stands at $65 billion, and it is projected to grow sixfold to reach $380 billion by 2030. India’s eB2B market is poised to summit to a remarkable GMV of $90-120 billion by 2030 and establish itself as a definitive      pathway for brand marketing and advertising expenditure investment and become a treasure trove of valuable retailer insights and data intelligence. The ‘India e-Conomy Report’ reveals that digital services have become essential for over 700 million internet users in India. This includes 350 million using digital payments and 220 million engaging in online shopping. This demographic advantage is expected to fuel the expansion of digital services and online consumption.  The expansion of digital services, such as booking travel online, ordering food through digital platforms, consuming digital media, and engaging in online advertising, is anticipated to drive the overall growth of India’s internet economy. India’s internet economy is projected to grow to $1 trillion by 2030 from $175 billion in 2022.  It is expected to contribute 62% to the technology sector by 2030, up from 48% in 2022 and is projected to account for 12-13% of the country’s GDP, compared to 4-5% in 2022. This growth is attributed to increased digital demand in tier 2+ cities, digitization of traditional businesses, and the success of India Stack. Transforming Citizen Experience Digital India transforms various interactions with the citizens, making government services more accessible, efficient, and citizen centric. E-governance initiatives or Indian Stack of digital public services such as the Digital Locker, e-Procurement, and the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) streamline administrative processes, reduce paperwork, and enhance transparency and significantly contribute to the growth of India’s internet economy. Additionally, the emergence of open networks like ONDC, OCEN, and UHI would create new opportunities for various sectors. UPI has transformed digital payments in India, facilitating seamless and instant transactions between bank accounts. UPI’s widespread adoption has driven the shift from cash to digital payments, driving a digital economy and empowering individuals with greater financial inclusion. Unified Payments Interface (UPI) was officially launched in India on April 11, 2016. The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) introduced UPI to facilitate seamless and instant fund transfers between banks through mobile devices. Since its launch, UPI has gained widespread adoption and has become a key component of the digital payment ecosystem in India. In September 2021, UPI recorded over 2 billion transactions. With 157 banks and 30+ app providers integrating UPI, reflects its diverse applications, including P2P transfers, bill payments, and e-commerce transactions.  Government initiatives like Make in India, and GST have propelled B2B e-commerce in India by enhancing business operations, promoting digital transactions, and fostering a conducive environment for growth. By August 2023, UPI had crossed 10 billion transactions. Moreover, the total transaction value for August reached Rs 15.7 lakh crore. In FY 2023, the annual transactions were valued $1.7 trillion, with $380 billion in merchant payments. India actively shared its UPI technology with various countries, including France, Australia, Singapore, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and others. UPI has become a popular and widely used method for digital payments in India, offering a convenient and secure way to perform various financial transactions. Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is a real-time payment system in India that enables users to link multiple bank accounts to a single mobile application. It facilitates instant money transfers between two banks using mobile devices with the help of the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) infrastructure. UPI allows users to make payments, request funds, and perform various financial transactions directly from their bank accounts. 24/7 Availability: UPI transactions can be initiated and completed at any time, including weekends and holidays. Immediate Fund Transfer: UPI enables instant money transfers between bank accounts in a secure and efficient manner. Single Mobile Application: Users can link multiple bank accounts to a single UPI-enabled mobile application, eliminating the need for multiple banking apps. Virtual Payment Address (VPA): Users are identified by a unique VPA, which acts as an alias for their bank account. This simplifies the process of sending and receiving money. QR Code Payments: UPI supports payments through QR codes, allowing users to scan codes for quick transactions. Bill Splitting and Collections: Users can split bills among friends and family, and businesses can collect payments easily through UPI. Security Measures: UPI transactions are secured with two-factor authentication, ensuring the safety of financial data.  As of October 2023, according to the most recent data from NPCI, PhonePe constituted 46% of UPI transaction volumes, Google Pay accounted for 36%, and Paytm contributed 13%.

There are instances when a family member’s reaction may seem abrupt or unexpected to outsiders. This could result from either a temporary occurrence or the culmination of pent-up emotions. This individual might display heightened volume and aggressiveness, potentially appearing impolite, irrational, or unsympathetic to others. Hence, the question arises: Who truly lacks sensitivity? Is it the individual who suddenly displays aggression, or is it the one who, through prolonged insensitivity, has triggered this aggressive response? In essence, while discourteous or loud behavior is never condoned, the underlying cause may not necessarily originate from the person deemed aggressive and insensitive. Instead, it could stem from the person who initially exhibited rudeness and insensitivity, thereby provoking such a state of aggression in the other. As the family members experience growth over time, their requirements for both physical space and emotional expression expand. This expansion may arise due to increased involvement in various activities and a greater need for interaction. It could also be triggered by the fact that as they mature, they are faced with more substantial decisions that have significant repercussions on each other. These decisions are not about trivial matters like choosing a movie or a restaurant; instead, they involve more crucial aspects such as asset sales, investment choices, or conflicts related to values and behaviors. The family unit gathers under a single roof based on its resourcefulness. As the family grows, it begins to seek additional resources, space, privacy, autonomy, and exclusivity. However, if this physical space or exclusivity is breached insensitively by prioritizing one member’s feelings or needs over the other and making unilateral decisions, it can hinder the growth and emotional development of one member while allowing another to take undue advantage. This inequality in sensitivity within the relationship dynamics can lead to one member dominating others over time. This is acceptable when it arises from genuine respect and sensitivity, rather than a lack of resources. Resourcefulness tends to improve over time as more members contribute financially, leading to greater income and resources. Conversely, a decline in resources can weaken the family unit. Nevertheless, a family can endure as a strong entity if there is mutual respect and equal sensitivity, avoiding the mentality that one’s needs consistently outweigh others’ or that dominance is acceptable. Picture a scenario where two family members have separate spaces to function. However, one member consistently imposes their dominance over the other, encroaching on their privacy and territory without seeking permission, and making alterations based on their dominant behavior. The more sensitive individual might tolerate this dominant behavior initially. Yet, they subtly convey that such dominance is unwelcome and should cease. Despite these gentle requests and feedback, the dominant behavior persists. This repeated action will undoubtedly erode the relationship between these two members. This erosion occurs for two reasons. First, the dominator begins to take the other person’s emotions or sensitivities for granted. Second, the individual losing their voice and failing to be heard becomes labeled as weak, lacking sensitivity and deserving of less respect. Consequently, when feedback and pleas are consistently ignored, the suppressed person may eventually resort to becoming forceful and outspoken in hopes that their forceful expression will finally receive attention At any given moment, if the less assertive individual remains quiet, it shouldn’t be interpreted as contentment with the dominating conduct. This person may not consistently exhibit loudness or aggression. It’s possible that they perceive the other’s dominance as something they can endure, or they strive to build tolerance, hoping that the dominating individual will eventually evolve for the better. When disparities in individual sensitivities emerge, causing the erosion of respect within a relationship, the scarcity of resources can have a profoundly negative and cumulative impact on each party involved. Daily life can become a torment, particularly for those who have demonstrated care and sensitivity, continually yielding their personal space and extending forgiveness. Those taken for granted experience the depletion of respect, turning the once unconditional bond conditional. The core values that define relationships, like “father,” are compromised. Even love, affection, and protection become conditional, disproportionately affecting the more sensitive individual in the family. Family relationships take on a corporate-like façade, devolving into superficial tags and slogans. Imagine family members resorting to written communication, unable to engage in direct conversation. Mutual respect evaporates, replaced by strained exchanges and confrontations, even in front of guests or household staff. Sarcasm and intolerance creep into interactions with relatives and neighbors, tarnishing the unit’s cohesion. The once-unified family loses its equilibrium, spiraling into disarray. Instead of a harmonious collective, it transforms into a cluster of individuals perpetually embroiled in petty conflicts due to their growing intolerance. Trust and faith in each other begin to wane, particularly among those who are sensitive and vulnerable. A pervasive fear of being harmed by the dominant position takes root, a distressing sentiment to experience within a family. Imagine a scenario where the domineering and insensitive individual not only consistently encroaches upon the other person’s rightful space but also introduces an external party to share that space unilaterally. The dominating figure not only imposes this unilateral decision but also invites an outsider to utilize the space without seeking permission or consent, even if temporarily. Such circumstances would irreparably break the relationship. The suppressed individual would be driven to isolation and aggression, eventually becoming a subject of mockery if this state persists. Raising their voice only paints them as tormented, conveying failure and worthlessness in their endeavors and relationships—a glaring lack of respect. What follows hinges on the extent to which the three foundational principles are violated and exploited. Would the sensitive party perceive it as tolerable, as it did in the past, blaming itself for outbursts? Alternatively, will they seek the root cause, eliminate the triggers, restore the principles, most importantly unconditional respect, and thwart the need to prove their roles within the family? Weakness lies not in sensitivity; it’s a strength. Weakness is allowing oneself to be taken for granted. It’s surrendering control, displaying a dearth

The bedrock of a harmonious family unit, characterized by its cohesive existence, rests upon three foundational principles:(1) unconditional and unwavering mutual respect (2) equality in terms of mutually empathetic care and (3) willingness to provide rightful support to one another. As family members grow and become mature, their need for self-expression increases, encompassing both physical (spatial and resource-related) and emotional or relationship dimensions. This inclination may arise due to the mounting activities revolving around them, necessitating more touchpoints for discussions and interactions. The relationships and communication between them, become more multi-purpose (complex), interactive and intense. It could also stem from the realization that, with growth, more pivotal and individual decisions are at stake but these decisions may profoundly influence other. These decisions become complex as they extend beyond the trivial matters like decisions about selecting  a school or college or a movie or a restaurant and start delving into weightier considerations such as life, companions, business investments, asset management,  and need intelligence and ethical value system, for systematically resolving conflicts between them. The family converges within a shared dwelling, the cohesiveness of which is shaped by the unit’s resourcefulness. As it progresses, it naturally seeks increased resources, space, seclusion, autonomy, and exclusiveness. However, if the physical space or the concept of exclusivity is heedlessly trespassed upon through unilaterally weighted decisions that prioritize one individual’s desires or emotions over another’s, it has the potential to hinder the advancement and psychological growth of one member. This situation arises when one member capitalizes unfairly on the vulnerabilities of another—perhaps because of their age, decisiveness, sensitivity, or nurturing disposition. Gradually, an imbalance may emerge wherein one family member, who is comparatively more sensitive individual (less resourceful or more dependent), starts to get under undue dominance of others, altering the dynamics of the relationship. This inequality in how sensitivities are treated within the family dynamics signify how healthy the unit can y stay unified. The inequality in addressing each other other’s vulnerabilities or demand or issues is acceptable if it is founded in a mutual respect and sensitivity to one another’s needs, rather than originating exclusively from the asymmetrical command and control over the limited resources, at any given time. Resourcefulness tends to evolve over time, influenced by factors such as increasing earnings as more family members contribute or the primary earner’s growing income. Even if the trajectory of resourcefulness is heading downwards at times, leading to reduced resources – financial or otherwise, a family can still sustain its unity if an environment of unconditional respect and equal sensitivity prevails. The core principle should be that no individual’s needs perpetually supersede another’s, nor should dominance be exercised without regard for the legitimate needs of others. Imagine a scenario where two family members have their separate spaces for functioning. However, one of them consistently exerts dominance over the other, continually intruding into the latter’s personal spaces and privacy without seeking permission. These intrusions are made unilaterally, driven by the dominating individual’s behavior. The more sensitive member might tolerate this dominant behavior initially, although it subtly conveys that such behavior is unwelcome and should not recur. Despite these gentle expressions of discontent and feedback, the dominant behavior persists and repeats.  This consistent repetition of the dominating behavior has a detrimental impact on the relationship between these two individuals, leading to degradation on two fronts. Firstly, the person in the dominant role starts taking the other person’s emotions and sensitivities for granted. Secondly, the individual who is silenced and unheard begins to be perceived as weak, lacking sensitivity, and undeserving of respect. Consequently, as the continuous feedback and requests go ignored, the individual who feels sidelined will eventually reach a point where they become forceful and outspoken. This shift in behavior stems from the hope that through a loud outburst, their feelings and concerns will finally receive the attention they deserve. At any given juncture, if the less assertive individual (one who is sensitive or emotional) remains quiet, it does not necessarily signify contentment with the prevailing dominant behavior. This person might not consistently exhibit loudness or aggressiveness. In certain instances, they may view the other person’s dominance as something they can endure within their tolerance threshold. Alternatively, this individual might actively work on cultivating tolerance, hoping that the dominating person will eventually transform for the better, either through their own accord or over time. When individual sensitivities are treated unequally and respect fades away from the relationship, the dearth of resources can trigger a potent negative compounding effect on both parties involved. Daily existence can transform into a distressing ordeal, particularly for those who have consistently demonstrated care and sensitivity. This holds true for those who continually surrender their personal space, extend forgiveness, and offer understanding. These individuals are taken for granted, and their contributions become conditional, corroding the very essence of respect within the family dynamic. The relationship is left bereft of its intrinsic value. Even the fundamental roles within the family, such as that of a “father,” lose their inherent respect. Love, affection, and protection similarly transform into conditional aspects, inflicting the greatest deprivation upon the weaker, sensitive member of the family. Family relationships metamorphose into something like a commercial or corporate structure, adorned with superficial labels and taglines (of relationships and significance for each other as team but each one is separate part in the system and easily disposable). Imagine a scenario where family members resort to written communication, as listening and direct conversations are no longer feasible due to the absence of mutual respect. They can no longer converse openly or honestly. Instead, they resort to loud confrontations, challenging decisions before guests, domestic staff, or helpers. Sarcasm replaces sincerity in interactions with relatives or neighbors. Tolerance dwindles, and relationships become transactional and strained. The family, in such circumstances, loses its equilibrium and unity. It disintegrates, shedding the rhythm of a harmonious whole. It morphs into a gathering of individuals embroiled in daily conflicts over minor matters due to their growing intolerance towards

The products and services have been every increasing in terms of numbers and forms. It is unstoppable chain of efforts when it comes to the journey of solving a problem. Why can not one design one ideal solution for a specific problem, that remains the best forever? Why keep designing new products and services for solving the same problem? Why can’t we visualize and think about the ideal solution as the final result or outcome and develop the ideal solution once for all? Is this an ideality ? Can this ideality be reality? If not, why and if yes when and how? Irrespective of those questions as mentioned, let us firs look into what is design thinking. It is thinking like a designer to solve a problem. It is about going to the person in pain and understand how this pain can be eliminated through a product or a service. Understand why this pain needs an attention and why this is worth a problem to be solved. Before working on designing a solution as a product or service, one needs to really understand the pain and problem and why it is significant enough to be addressed with time, money and resources. This much before even the product is designed. If we can not first learn to understand and appreciate the problem and pain and the people who are facing this, we can not succeed in designing a solution. We will create some solution but we will not be able to create the solution, as an impact that the end users are seeking. There is a need for having a process, to immerse in their problems. Designers need to collaborate with the stakeholders starting with the person in pain or people in problem. They need to understand their ecosystem and challenges. When the problem is being understood and their pain is being felt, the boundary of solution and what to expect minimum from such a solution evolves or rather starts emerging. The attributes of the solution or the criteria on which the solution could be called as a fit gets clearly articulated. These are solely from the perspective of the people facing the problem who will be buying these solutions from the market when they arrive. They will judge them whether they fit their needs and expectations of being a solution or not. Design thinking is a mindset for first to be focused on the people and their pains and problems from their perspective.  Design thinking is a problem solving mindset. It leverages designer’s sensibilities to continually understand people’s needs, expectations,  pains and problems in order to bring out solutions (products and/or services) that are feasible (solves the problems and fit the set of expectations (needs and desires of an individual in pain or facing the problem) such that these solutions can be converted into marketing opportunity. After why is established (i.e. if you have weighed the decision that you want to address those problems or they fall under your areas of interest and focus of providing value), it is then about how to move systematically and iteratively (continually) as a “solution designing or problem solving process” from the people who want or need the solutions  to the solutions that people want or need. Design thinking is human centered approach to problem solving. It is iterative, collaborative and practical. The people (market) in pain (need) and people (who want to design and/or sell solution) in gain (profits), are always working together whether its dry or rain (irrespective of the market environment and inherent challenges). It is about being hands on. It is always about looking from the perspective of customers (people in pain). Every decision in the process of solving a problem, if customer centric. It improves the internal processes for designing, producing and selling the solution. Design thinking origins as back 1950s and 1960s. In those days it was mostly about the impact of the World War II in terms of application of new knowledge and strategic thinking to industrial design, production and management of operations. It is always an human effort in the realm of creative thinking to make this thinking (about designing a system that solves a problem) as a systematic process or approach i.e. more and more scientific and predictable.  However it is unreasonable to say all problems can be solved at any given point in time. To solve a problem, one might need resources to exist so that a system designer can put them together to work in a particular and consistently repeated manner i.e. imposed by a design construct (arrived after multiple rounds of experimentation or cycles of learning-thinking-doing-reflecting).  Experimentation and its outcome can be planned predictably. There are certain things in the process of designing a system or solution that needs learning through a discovery, that needs one to first carry or try out an experiment and then see if this works or fails to deliver the intended outcome. If the experiments yield unexpected outcomes, these data points and observations are then once again pushed to the design table to re-think and attempt a new design to be prototyped and validated. Irrespective of the problem or industry domain, such a process of innovation or problem solving, that deals with new resources or new designs, needs experiments to be carried out as a part of the learning through discovery phases. It takes time and remains uncertain in terms of  putting a closure date to this. The only way to make things move faster at this stage (crashing the fuzzy end of the innovation process) , is to do as many well defined experiments and as quickly as possible.  Not all problems need experimentation and also many times, if right resources are missing or non-existent (lets say yet to be invented or not accessible) or if there  are resources available (already invented or discovered) then the real challenge is perhaps purely to “somehow” figure out the solution by designing or architecting a system using these resources

What is a balanced diet? It must contain  Vitamins, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Minerals, Fiber and Fat (VPCMFF) in a correct proportion. It should have a diversity in VPCMFF components to promote good health. Eating healthy is above ease and health else its about disease and death. Lack of consumption of right food ingredients (nutrients from right sources) negatively impacts the metabolic function of the body (accumulates toxins within the body leading to chronic illness in the long run). With age, gender and body size, the consumption of right ingredients (sourced from right food sources) on a daily basis is a necessity to survive. One has to also make it interesting in life.  For adults, the daily caloric needs vary based on the level of physical activity undertaken. This ranges from 2400 to 3900 calories, with lighter activities requiring fewer calories and more strenuous work demanding higher intake. These caloric requirements are necessary to sustain bodily functions, energy levels, and overall health. In terms of essential nutrients, adults require an intake of approximately 50 grams of protein daily. Protein is essential for muscle maintenance, repair, and various physiological functions. Adequate protein intake is particularly important for those engaged in physical labor or exercise. Iron is another vital nutrient, with a recommended daily intake of around 20 milligrams. Iron plays a critical role in oxygen transport within the blood and overall cellular function. Including iron-rich foods in the diet, such as lean meats, legumes, and fortified cereals, helps meet this requirement.  Calcium, essential for bone health and various bodily processes, is needed at a daily intake of around 0.5 grams. Dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods are good sources of calcium.  A balanced diet incorporates a variety of food groups to ensure optimal nutrition. This includes: Green Leaf Vegetables (240 grams): Rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber, these vegetables provide essential nutrients for overall health. Leafy vegetables are highly nutritious and beneficial for your health due to their vitamins, minerals, and fiber content. Including a variety of leafy greens in your diet can contribute to overall well-being. As a general guideline, aiming to consume around 2 to 3 cups of leafy greens per day is recommended. Sugar (30 grams): While moderation is key, small amounts of sugar can provide quick energy. Natural sources like fruits are preferable. There is no strict limit for natural sugars found in whole foods like fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, as they come packaged with beneficial nutrients like fiber, vitamins, and minerals. These natural sources of sugar are generally considered healthy and safe to consume as part of a balanced diet. However, it’s still important to be mindful of your overall carbohydrate intake, including natural sugars, especially if you have specific dietary goals or health conditions such as diabetes. Listening to your body’s hunger and fullness cues and choosing a variety of nutrient-dense foods will naturally guide you in managing your sugar intake. Milk & Curd  (120 ml): A source of calcium, vitamin D, and protein, milk supports bone health and overall nutrition. For adults, consuming around 2 to 3 servings of dairy products per day is often recommended. A serving of milk is typically considered to be 1 cup (240 ml). This can vary based on factors such as age, activity level, and overall calorie needs. It’s important to choose low-fat or non-fat milk options to reduce saturated fat intake. Curd or yogurt is a nutritious dairy product that provides probiotics (beneficial bacteria), protein, and calcium. Including yogurt in your diet can be beneficial. A typical serving of yogurt is around 1 cup (240 ml). Choose plain, unsweetened yogurt to avoid added sugars. Keeping both the consumption within 120 ml is perhaps staying moderately controlled on its requirement.  Non-Leaf Vegetables (150 grams): Including a mix of colorful vegetables provides an array of essential vitamins, minerals, fiber and antioxidants that contribute to overall health and well-being. These vegetables come in a wide range of colors, each offering unique nutrients and health benefits. The recommended daily intake of non-leafy vegetables can vary based on dietary guidelines and individual needs. However, a general guideline is to aim for at least 2 to 3 servings of non-leafy vegetables per day. A serving size is typically considered to be about 1/2 to 1 cup of cooked vegetables or 1 cup of raw vegetables. Staying within a limit of 150 grams on an average, will keep the diet balanced. Fat and Oil (Total Fat 40-50 grams): Healthy fats, such as those found in nuts, seeds, and olive oil, are important for various bodily functions. Dietary fat is an important macronutrient that provides energy, supports cell function, and helps the body absorb certain vitamins. However, it’s also essential to consume fats in moderation and choose healthy sources. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that for a 2,000-calorie daily diet, most adults should aim for:  Total Fat: 25-35% of total daily calories, which translates to about 44 to 77 grams of fat per day. Saturated Fat: Less than 6% of total daily calories, which is around 13 grams per day. Trans Fat: As minimal as possible, ideally avoiding altogether. It’s important to focus on the quality of fats. Healthy fats, such as monounsaturated fats (found in olive oil, avocados, and nuts) and polyunsaturated fats (found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts), have positive effects on heart health and overall well-being. These fats can be a part of a balanced diet. Limiting saturated and trans fats is crucial for heart health. These fats are often found in processed and fried foods, baked goods, and some animal products. Instead, choose lean protein sources and incorporate healthy fats into your diet in moderation. Rice (270 grams) and Millet (90 grams): Carbohydrates from whole grains like rice and millet provide sustained energy for daily activities. The appropriate amount of rice to consume in a day depends on various factors, including your overall dietary goals, energy expenditure, and individual nutritional needs. In a balanced diet, carbohydrates from sources like rice provide energy and nutrients, but portion control is essential to maintain a healthy intake. As a general guideline,